- 1. What is right form of verb? The appropriate / proper use of verb in the sentence is called right form of verb. Dear Learners, First, read attentively each of the sentences mentioned before every rule. Then try to comprehend each rule. The boy eats rice. He changes it. She sings a song. Our solar system consists of nine planets. All animals need water. Rule-1: Subject 3rd person singular number nj present Indefinite Tense- G g~j verb Gi mv_ s ev es ,ies hvM KiZ ne| Ab person ev plural number nj g~j verb- Gi mv_ s, es, ies hvM KiZ ne bv| The sun rises in the east. The earth moves round the sun. Day comes after night. The man smokes like a chain smoker. The British defeats Siraj-ud-Daullah in the battle of Palassay Rule-2: If the sentence indicates universal truth /habitual fact/ historical event, the tense of the sentence will be in present Indefinite. He is blessed. You are happy. I am not always happy. There are two primary schools in our upazilla. There was a doctor. There is a high school in our village. Two people were on the board. Rule-3: Be verb ejZ Avgiv Present tense-G am, is, are Ges past tense-G was, were K eywS| ZvB evKUi RvqMvq singular Gi am, is, was Ges plural Gi are, were emvB| Rahul always disturbs the class. A good boy learns his lesson regularly. He sometimes comes here. He occasionally travels Japan. We usually get up at 6 a. m. My mother takes her food at 10 pm normally. Rule-4: If we find the words or phrases like always, regularly, sometimes, often, generally, daily, everyday, occasionally, usually, normally, nowadays, rarely, frequently, naturally, seldom, constantly, never, once a year, every week, every year, on a week, at times, at present, now and then, all the time, once a week e.t.c in a sentence , the tense of that sentence will be present indefinite. He heard Sadiya singing a song. My younger sister Sadiya came to me running. I went to market to buy a book. I have finished reading the book. Rule-5: If there is two verb in a simple sentence , the ing is needed to add with the second verb. But if the second verb indicates purpose to is used before that verb instead of ing. He is reading a novel now. Karim is going to college now. My mother was cooking then. My parents are staying in London at this moment. I was working at that moment. Rule-6: The tense of a sentence will be in present continuous/ progressive if the words/ phrases like now, at this moment, at the moment, Right now, This season, this year, continually, perpetually, forever etc . And the tense of a sentence will be in past continuous / progressive if the words / phrases like then, at that moment etc. ~ 1 ~
- 2. No sooner had we reached the college than the bell rang. Scarcely had the teacher entered the class room when the student stood up. Hardly had Shimo left the college when /before it began to rain. Rule-7: Kvb Sentence G No sooner had .. than, Scarcely had .. when, Hardly had ..before _vKj c g verb Gi Past participle ne| Gi cieZx verb Gi Past form ne| Note: ZvQvov, No sooner did --- than, scarcely did ---when/ before, Hardly did --- when/ before nj cii evKvsk Present indefinite tense Gi nq| hgb : No sooner did he enter the station than the train leaves. I will not let you do the work alone. You had better go home. You would rather go there. We must obey our parents. I need not go there. How dare you speak with me? Karim can do the work. You may come tomorrow. I can do the work. One should take care of ones health. It may rain today. He could do the sum. Rule-8: Had better, had rather, would better, would rather, must, can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, need, dare, have to, has to , let, used to, am to, is to, are to, able to , allowed to, Gi ci g~j verb Gi Present form nq| ZLb g~j verb- Gi mv_ s ev es em bv wKsev Kvb cwieZb I nq bv| The work can be done within a month. The book must be finished immediately. The letter has been written for an hour. The voice was heard at midnight. The table was removed at night. My pocket has been picked. The frame was built. He was hanged for murder his Wife. The work has been done. Rule-9: evKi Subject hw` wbwq nq Zvnj Passive voice nq| I enjoy gossiping with my friends. They delayed paying with my friends. Would you mind taking a cup of tea? He resists supporting me. I like taking juice. She avoids meeting me. I deny speaking to him. My brother dislikes gossiping. I appreciated taking your suggestion. They considered giving us help. You always contemplate making a plan. I detest smoking. Man must endure doing something well. He escaped dying. An idle boy always excuses learning. Stop reading. Try to face challenging others. I have finished writing my friends. Last night I missed meeting my friends. Neela felt like touching the clouds. He imagined gathering his memories. Some students are involved in doing crime. At last the principal mentioned building another building. Rule-10: wKQy wKQy verb AvQ hjvi ci object ev complement wnme ay gerund em| G aibi verb jv wbP `qv njt admit, avoid, appreciate, consider, contemplate, delay, deny, detest, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, excuse, stop, face, finish, miss, feel like, forgive, give up, imagine, involve, mention, mind, postpone, practice, resist, suggest, like. The Headmaster and secretary of the school has tendered his resignation. The Magistrate and collector is efficient officer. The UNO and secretary has signed on the agenda. The manager and marketing officer is present there. ~ 2 ~ The Headmaster and the secretary of the school have tendered their resignation. The Magistrate and the collector are efficient officer. The UNO and the secretary have signed on the agenda. The manager and the marketing officer are present there. Rule-11: hLb GKB ew ev ei `ywU DcvwaK and viv hvM Kiv nq ZLb c gwUi iyZ ay the emvZ nq Ges verb Gi sigular form nq| wK hw` `ywU Dcvwai AvMB the _vK ZLb `yBRbK eySvq Ges Gici verb plural nq|
- 3. One hundred dollars is a lot of money for a bottle of wine. Two hours is a long time to wait for a doctor. 93,000,000 miles is the distance from the sun to the earth. Fifty miles is a long distance. Rule-12: Measurement of money, unit of distance, time Ges form G cKvk KiZ singular verb eeZ nq| We went to the library with a view to reading there. Would you mind stopping gossiping? Without working hard no one can prosper in life. I cannot help laughing/ hearing it. He couldnt help performing the work. By taking exercise regularly you can get fit. He went past leaving me. I am past caring what happens. He came to me while working. I dont mind taking it. He is worthy of doing anything. I look forward to receiving it. They get used to playing football. Rule-13: c` verb Gi c~e mind, worth, without, by, past, while, cannot help, could not help, with a view to, look forward to, would you mind, get used to,(be +used to),(be+ addicted to),(be + accustomed to),(be + opposed to), (be+ adverse to ) or any preposition _vKj Gi ci verb Gi mv_- ing hvM ne| He came to do the work. He reads the novel to make a comment on it. They went there in order to save the affected people. In order to collect more tax, new employees have been employed. Rule-14: Base form of verb/present form of verb is used after the Preposition to and prepositional phrase in order to. He has gone out just now. The train has just reached the station. He has already completed M.A. Have You ever been to Dhaka? I have seen him recently. You havent done it yet. Lately he has written a grammar book. Rule-15: Just, just now, already, yet, ever, lately, recently BZvw` _vKj Present Perfect Tense ne| He left home last night. I came home yesterday. I saw you long since. Ten years ago I lived in Paris. A cyclone broke out last night. Before Christ, he preached Islam. We were in Paris at that time. Rule-16: AZxZ wb`kK k ev phrase; hgb-ago, long since, last, before, yesterday, last year, before long , long since, long ago, in + year , in those days, at that time, at the last month , last week , once upon a time, once, formerly. BZvw` _vKj verb Gi Past Indefinite Tense ne| He feels better now. My brother loves the countrymen. They want help from me now. I hope you are well now. He believes me. He thinks about his life. I notice him go up the hill. Rule-17: Think, notice, taste, feel, like, love, hope, suppose, hate, want, believe, wish, imagine BZvw` verb Gi Present Continuous Tense bv nq Present Indefinite Tense ne| Mother makes the baby laugh. Please let me finish the work. He made me keep standing. He got me to do it. I help him do the work. Rule-18: Causative verbs (make, get, help, let, ) BZvw`i aygv get Gi ci g~j verb Gi c~e to emvbv hvq| Abvb wZxq verb jvi AvM to em bv| plain infinitive ej | The committee is scheduled to meet at one oclock. The jury is going to decide about the matter. The committee are violently on debating the merits of the proposed system. The calls are arguing with one another. The jury were divided in their opinions. Rule-19: If collective noun works collectively, the verb will be singular, otherwise the verb will be plural. ~ 3 ~
- 4. Mr. Rahman along with sons lives in Bangladesh. I with my brothers was present there. They together with their father help the poor. I as well as my parents was present in the stadium. Rule-20: As well as, with, accompanied with, along with, together with, in addition to BZvw` viv `ywU subject hy nj c g subject Abyhvqx verb em _vK| The virtuous are always happy. The poor are born to suffer.The pious are always blessed. The illiterate have been treated bitterly. The unfed are creating indiscipline. Rule-21: Adjective Gi c~e the emj Adjective wU plural common noun G cwiYZ nq| ZLb verb Gi icI plural ne| A number of people are waiting to see you. The number of stars in the sky seems countless. A large number of countries are the members of the United Nations. The number of computer softwares is increasing every year. The number of students is increasing day by day. Rule-22: evKi Subject, A number of + plural noun nj plural verb Avi the number of + plural noun nj singular verb ne| From the branch of a tree sings a bird. There goes the trainer. There go the two trainers. From the branch sing two birds. Below the table sleeps a cat. Rule-23: Prepositional phrase hy inverted sentence Ges here / there viv MwVZ evK verb subject K AbymiY Ki| The patent had died before the doctor came. The patient died after the doctor had come. They had arrived here before you left. We reached home after it had started to rain. Rule-24: Before Gi c~e Past prefect tense Ges ci past Indefinite tense ne| Avi After Gi c~e Past Indefinite Tense Ges ci Past perfect tense ne| Many years have passed since his father died. Five years have passed since I saw you. It is many years since I came to Dhaka. It was many years since they had first met. It was long since I had seen her last. He talks as if he were leader. He speaks as though he knew everything. He behaves as if he did everything. She proceeded as though I had not spoken. He spoke as though he had known all. Rule-25: Since, As if, as though (hb A_)- Gi 1g Ask Present Tense _vKj cii Ask Past Indefinite Tense ne wK G`i 1g Ask Past Indefinite Tense Gi nj cii As k Past Perfect Tense ne| Not only Julia but also Georgette wants to visit the zoo. Not only Julia but also all of the grandchildren want to visit the zoo. Neither Miss Brown not Jane writes on the blackboard. Neither the teacher nor the students write on the blackboard. Not only I but also my brothers were present there. Rule-26: Correlative conjunctions; hgb- Not only but ... also, neither.. nor, either .. Or, viv MwVZ evK Zv`i wbKUeZx subject Abyhvqx verb Gi ic nq _vK| I fancy I turned pale. It is high time he changed his bad habits. I wish I sang a song. It is time we left the place. I wish I did M. A. Rule-27: it is high time, it is time, wish, fancy BZvw`i cii clause wUi verb Past Indefinite Tense ne| But: It is time for me to do the work. It is no good/ no use telling a lie. He speaks as if he were mad. He acts as though he were a king. She walks as if she were an elephant. She looks as if she were a moon. The prince roared as if he were a tiger. I wish I were a bird. ~ 4 ~
- 5. Rule-28: as if, as though, wish Kvb evKi Conjunction wnme eenZ nj Ges Zv hw` evK Kvb Ame Kbv cKvk Ki ZvK, ZLb wZxq evKi subject Gi ci were em| I got the work done by him. I have my rice cooked. I had my letter written. He ran away having taken the money. The principal desired the notice to be hung. You will have heard the name of Haji. Rule-29: me Perfect tense G g~jZ verb Gi past participle nq| GQvov I to be, having Ges get Gi ciI verb Gi past participle nq| He ran fast lest he should miss the train. Walk fast lest you should miss the class. Write quickly lest you should become late. Read diligently lest you should fail in the exam. Hurry up lest you should be late. Rule-30: Lest hy evK conjunction wnme eeZ nj wZxq Aski Subject Gi ci Should em| Zvici g~j verb Gi base form nq| Nobody is here. Everybody helps when there is a crisis. Somebody wants to speak to you. Nobody believes a liar. Everyone is allowed. No one is allowed to enter. Rule-31: Kvb evK hw` Each, Any, Every, Everyone, Every, Thing, Some One, No One, Nothing, Anything, Somebody, Any Body, Any One, Many A, Either, Neither, Who, Whatever cfwZ Subject A_ev distributive pronoun Ges Indefinite pronoun _vK Ze Gi ci verb Gi Singular form nq| The news is shocking to me. Statistics is my favorite subject. Student politics creates indiscipline in the university campus. Mathematics is a difficult subject. Ethics is the study of moral duties principles and values. His whereabouts (location) is not good. The wages of sin is death. Dynamics is not taught here. Rule-32: News, Politics, Mathematics, Civics, Electronics, Dynamics, Economics, Physics, Gallows, Statistics, Ethics, Economics, Innings, Bonafides(cKZ, mij wekvm), Optics, Wages, Whereabouts(position), G kjvi mv_ S ^vfvweK wbqg hy nqQ| Plural A_ bq| ZvB G`i ci verb Gi singular form nq| The circumstances are bad. Cattle are grazing in the field. Vegetables give us energy to live. No orders have yet been passed. People are working in the field. Quarries sometimes bring hazards. Rule-33: People, aristocracy, artillery, clergy, gentry(ivRbeMi cieZx m`vq) , poultry, folk, vermin, nobility, majority, peasantry, public, audience, cattle, vegetables, goods, circumstances, marks, pains, studies, works, customs, airs, premises, arms, irons, manners, quarries, amends(compensation), pliers (pair of), tongs (pair of), parts, letters, out of sorts, out of spirits, orders BZvw`i ci plural verb eeZ nq| G`i true plural noun ejv nq| Scissors are necessary to cut clothes. This trousers suit we well. The spectacles look black. Shorts are very easy to put on. Her jaws have increased her beauty. Rule-34: Scissors, parts, trousers, spectacles, binoculars, ashes, alms(begging), assets, amends, auspices(sponsor), billiards, measles, shears(scissors), annals(elwjwc), jaws Gjv ejZ Avgiv `yB Ask hy eywS ej G`iK pair noun ejv nq Ges G`i ci verb plural nq| But The pair of scissors is on the table is correct. They will have reached by this time. He will have returned by Monday next. I will have finished the book by 2015. By this time, you will have heard the name of Rabindranath. My father will have come by next month. Rule-35: By this time/by + mgq (by morning, by Sunday, etc) _vKj evKwU mvaviYZ Future Perfect Tense G ne| ~ 5 ~
- 6. His father died last year. The fog dispersed. The book belongs to me. A quarrel ensues this crisis. Our family consists of five members. Rule-36: Die, occur, belong, issue, continue, appear, disappear, wonder, consist, and pursue (AbymiY Kiv).BZvw` Verb Gi Passive voice nq bv | He said that he needed some money. She replied that she felt better. I found that he was ill. They said that they were in a bad condition. She believed that I would help her. Rule-37: Sequence of Tense Abymvi Kvb Complex sentence Gi principal clause hw` past Tense G _vK Zvnj Zvi Subordinate clause wU I Past Tense G nZ nq| Twelve dozen are enough for me. The deer are grazing in the field. The cattle give us flesh and milk. Two pair of shoes have been bought. Five sheep were there. Rule-38: Dozen, pair, sheep, deer, cattle Gjv Plural number Gjvi ci verb plural ne| Some of the water is pure in Buriganga. Some of the employees have returned. Many of the boys were playing. All of the ice is being melted. Rule-39: Some of, all of, many of, more of, most of BZvw`i ci uncountable noun _vKj verb singular Avi hw` countable noun _vK Zvnj verb plural ne| I enjoy playing cricket, watching TV and driving a car. I have already finished the work and checked the result. The children enjoyed watching TV and listening to music. The puppy stood up slowly, wagged its tail blinked its eyes and barked. I have finished writing the thesis and saved the file. He went to market and bought a new shirt. He was singing and dancing. She has gone and locked the door. He laughs and speaks and cries. You should write, read and memorize. Rule-40: Parallel structure A_vr GKB sentence G GKB aibi verb Gi form eenvi KiZ nq | And viv hy `ywU clause Gi verb GKB tense Gi ne| GK parallelism ej| He approves of knowing about it. You should give up smoking. We are looking forward to getting good jobs. They are accustomed to sleeping late on weekends. The thief confessed to stealing the book. They are very keen on learning lesson. I admit to doing the crime. He cares for meeting me. I am used to reading gambling. I thought about reading the journal. They counted on paying the bill. It depends on helping you. She leaves of telling a lie. He insisted on doing it. I have on objection to giving it to you. Dont put off doing anything important for tomorrow. They succeeded in getting good marks. Rule-41: wKQy wKQy verb phrase AvQ h jvi ci ing-verb nq| G iKg verb jv wbb `qv njt Keen on, admit to , give up, are for, be used to, think about, count on, depend on, rely on, leave of, insist on, objection to, put off, succeed in, confessed to, accustomed to, approve of. If he works hard, he will shine in life. If you run in the rain, you will catch cold. If he came, I would go. If I had a typewriter, I would type myself. If I had seen him, I would have told him the matter. Had I known this before, I would have informed it in time. ~ 6 ~
- 7. Rule-42: If, Had, In case BZvw` viv MwVZ conditional sentence-G GK cvk present indefinite nj Ab cvk will, shall ne, Avi past indefinite nj would ne; past perfect nj would have ne| The scenery of Coxs Bazaar is charming. The wages of sin is death. The news comes through newspaper. The poetry grows inquisitiveness to know the nightingale world. The United States of America dominates other countries in the world. Rule-43: Information, scenery, machinery, advice, furniture, news, wages, poetry, issue, brick, hair, alphabet, luggage, politics, the United States of America BZvw` ki Kvb Plural ic bB| ZvB G`i ci verb Gi singular form nq| Time and tide waits for none. Rice and curry is our natty and gritty food. Weal and woe comes by turn. Tea and coffee is my favorite drink. Slow and steady wins the race. Bread and butter is available everywhere. A hue and cry was raised. Rule-44: `ywU wfboe aibi Noun And w`q hy nq evK Subject Gi RvqMvq emj Ges GKwU gv Abyf~wZ ev fvev_ cKvk Kij ZvK Parcel (package) subject ej| G`i ci verb singular form G nq| Two and two makes four. Two and three make five. Three and five form eight. Four and four makes eight. Four and six forms ten. Rule-45: mvaviYZ `ywU Rvo msLv and viv hy nq evK subject wnme emj verb singular nq Ges weRvo-weRvo wKsev Rvo-weRvo Subject wnme and viv hy nj verb plural ne| One-third of the mangoes have been eaten. Two-thirds of the students have come. One- fourth of the work is done. One-third of the students are given the prize. Two-fourths of the people are poor. Three-fourths of the people have joined the function. Half of the students are present today. Rule-46: fMoevski (One-third, One-fourth, half, Two-seventh) fMoevski ci GKwU of _vKe Ges of Gi cii noun hw` GKePb nq Zvnj verb GKePb Avi hw` eePb nq Zvnj verb wU eePb ne| He has reading the book for two hours. It has been raining since morning. I have been playing for an hour. The man has been suffering from fever for 7 days. It has been raining since Monday. Rule-47: Point of time (wbw` mgq) eySvj since Ges period of time (Awbw` mgq) eySvj for em| G Present perfect continuous tense ne| Where did you go yesterday? When are you going? What do you want? How did he come here yesterday? Why do you like traveling? Which pen do you want? Whose car did you borrow? Rule-48: What, how, when, where, which, whose, whom, who, why BZvw` Wh-words hy Interrogative sentence-G tense Abyhvqx auxiliary verb subject Gi c~e eme| All men were present. All boys work together. All face their own fate. All are bound to serve over duty. All that glitters is not gold. Rule-49: All Gi ci Plural verb em wK cev` evK ev Proverbial word Gi ci verb singular nq| Mr Helal, Our English teacher, loved me more than he loves/loved other students. Shahin was as intelligent as his sister was/is. You were as to your brother is/ was. He worked her than he thinks/ thought. Insan is as popular as Mr Shamim is. ~ 7 ~
- 8. Rule-50: Complex sentence Gi Subordinate clause wUZ hw` than, as...as, as to, more than BZvw` conjunction _vK Zvnj Principal clause past tense njI Subordinate clause wU h Kvb tense Gi nZ cvi| Many a man was present in the party. Many a man gets the prize of the flattery. Many a boy comes to me for help. A great many books were bought yesterday. A great many people were present in the meeting. Rule-51: Many a Gi cii noun I verb DfqwUB GKePb nq Ges A great many Gi cii noun I verb DfqwU eePb nq| It is I who am/ was/ will be present in the class. The students who were absent yesterday must stand up. It is you who are their teacher. This is the book which is an effective grammar. This is the house that was once a storied house. Rule-52: Relative pronoun who/ which/ that Gi ci k~bvb `qv _vKj be verb wU relative pronoun Gi antecedent (A_vr c~eeZx noun/pronoun) Gi person I number Ges sequence of tense Abymvi ne| Mother asked me to go to bed. He helped me to do/do it. (help verb Gi ci bare infinitive -I nZ cvi |) My father advised me to read regularly. He requested you to cut the budget. Rule-53: verb+ noun/ pronoun Gi ci k~Yvb verb `Iqv _vKj Zv infinitive (s + v + n/p + infinitive) ne| To walk/ walking in the morning is a good exercise. To take/taking physical exercise helps one to be fit. Eating balanced diet is health rule. The reading of newspaper helps us a lot to learn more. Swimming is the best practice to keep body fit. Rule-54: Gerund, infinitive A_ev verbal noun Gi ci verb singular ne| I request that the matter be secret. She ignores the suggestion that she gets. He proposes me that we always remove disputes. He urges me that we do not bargain. None suggests that the process is wrong. Rule-55: Ask, demand, desire, insist, prefer, ignore, propose, request, suggest, urge BZvw` present tense G _vKj Ges G`i ci that _vKj complement wUi g~j verb Gi present form nq| Mina says/ will say that she goes back to market. Luna says that she will study law. They will say that none defeats him. I say to him that we will settle the disputes. Many said to me that time and tide waits for none. Rule-56: Principal clause Gi verb wU hw` present/ Future tense Gi nq, Ze Subordinate clause Gi verb h Kvb form nZ cvi| He said that he had gone Dhaka yesterday. Rule-57: Indirect Speech G Reporting Verb Gi hw` Past Tense _vK Zvnj ebx Verb G Abyic Past Tense nq| He said that he would buy a computer next day. I told them that I would go there next year. He said that he would do better next week. I told him that they should resign next day. Rule-58: Main clause Gi verb wU past tense Gi nj Ges cii Ask next Gi ci day, week, month, year cfwZi DjL _vKj D Ask would or should em Ges evKUi verb wUi present form nq| She made a cup of tea. She did not make a cup of tea. (Neg.) Did she make a cup of tea? (Int.) She does not make a cup of tea. (Neg.) Does she make a cup of tea? (Int.) Rule-59: hw` Kvb Sentence G Be verb bv _vK m Negative ev Interrogative Kivi mgq Present Indefinite Tense G 3rd person singular subject Gi Rb does eenvi KiZ ne Ges ZLb gyj verb Gi s ev es Zzj w`Z ne| ~ 8 ~
- 9. Abvb Subject Gi ejvq do eeZ ne| Past Indefinite Tense nj me subject Gi mv_B did eeZ ne Ges ZLb gyj verb Gi present form eeZ ne| I saw a bird while walking in the garden. I saw a bird while I was walking in the garden. Do not make a noise while your father is sleeping. Do not switch the TV on while your brother will be reading. Rule-60: While Gi ci ciB hw` Kvb verb eeZ nq Zvnj D verb Gi mv_ ing hy KiZ nq| wK While Gi ci hw` Subject _vK Zvnj Gi cii AskwU Present Continuous Tense/Past Continuous Tense/future Continious ne| The next day will be holiday. He will come tomorrow. Rule-61: Tomorrow, next day, later etc. _vKj Future Indefinite Tense ne| Would that I could go to college. Rule-62: If would that is placed at the beginning of sentence, then could is used after the subject. And after could base form of verb is used. ~ 9 ~ Practice the following exercise: 1. The moon (shine)------- at night. 2. Flowers (be)---------- gift of nature. 3. It (dew)-------- in Winter. 4.The rich (be)------ not always happy. 5.The virtuous (be)--------blessed. 6.The pious (be)---------- happy. 7.Ice (float)--------- on water . 8. He (carry)-------- an umbrella daily. 9.What you (do)--------- now? 1o.Why Mr.Peter (look)-------- so angry? 11.You (watch)------------- television often? 12. He usually (go) ------ to school by bus. But today he (go) --------- by train. 13.Size do not matter (chop) --------- wood. 14.The baby (cry) ---------- because it is hungry now. 15.What you (go) --- to drink now? 16. He (return)--------- home just now. 17.The play just(began)---------. 18.he not yet (finish)-----. 19.I just (have)-------- a snack. 20.Have you ever(be)-------- to Coxs Bazaar? 21. Why she (look)------- so nervous? 22. My brother just (move)------ to new place. 23.I can not help (listen)------- them. 24.You (see)------ her lately. 25.I have a boy (come)----------- from the orphanage. 26.We are none of us (get)-------- any younger? 27. I do not mind (have)---------- asparagus. 28.I saw him (go)---------- to the town. 29.I answered (thank)----------- her. 30.The old sailor went away (leave)------ the marriage guest.
Zip files free download microsoft. This exercise will give you practice in using the correct forms of irregular verbs. Before attempting the exercise, you may find it helpful to review these two articles:
Exercise
Complete each sentence below with the appropriate present, past, or past-participle form of the irregular verb in italics. When you're done, compare your answers with those below.
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- Uncle Bert told me he had _____ (sell) his car for one dollar to a needy family.
- No one answered when Freddie _____ (ring) the doorbell.
- We nearly _____ (freeze) our toes off in a bedroom that wasn't heated.
- Jessica suddenly remembered that a week ago she had _____ (lend) her brother a hundred dollars.
- My sister left the birthday party early because she had _____ (drink) too much Coca Cola and made herself sick.
- Last Sunday morning we discovered that the old boiler had _____ (spring) a leak.
- John went to the blackboard and _____ (draw) a picture of the playground.
- Don't call the world dirty because you _____ (forget) to clean your glasses.
- Jobie had _____ (string) a clothesline from the top of the trailer to the woodshed eaves.
- The group had _____ (begin) to split up into cliques and factions.
- Buddy had never _____ (ride) in a limousine before.
- 'Habit is a cable; we _____ (weave) a thread of it each day, and at last we cannot break it.' (Horace Mann)
- The paper reported that a major earthquake had _____ (shake) the interior of Mexico, killing thousands.
- When we were five years old, Mike and I solemnly _____ (swear) to remain friends forever.
- Moira had _____ (mean) to send her father a birthday card, but as usual she forgot.
- The force of the shock from the explosion _____ (break) every window in the old school building.
- Uncle Bert had _____ (go) to the post office at lunchtime but never came back.
- Trying to be good Samaritans had _____ (bring) us nothing but trouble.
- The student insisted that someone had _____ (steal) his sunglasses, but everyone could see that they were still sitting on top of his head.
- Walt Disney claimed that he loved Mickey Mouse more than any woman he had ever _____ (know).
Answers
- Uncle Bert told me he had sold his car for one dollar to a needy family.
- No one answered when Freddie rang the doorbell.
- We nearly froze our toes off in a bedroom that wasn't heated.
- Jessica suddenly remembered that a week ago she had lent her brother a hundred dollars.
- My sister left the birthday party early because she had drunk too much Coca Cola and made herself sick.
- Last Sunday morning we discovered that the old boiler had sprung a leak.
- John went to the blackboard and drew a picture of the playground.
- Don't call the world dirty because you forgot to clean your glasses.
- Jobie had strung a clothesline from the top of the trailer to the woodshed eaves.
- The group had begun to split up into cliques and factions.
- Buddy had never ridden in a limousine before.
- 'Habit is a cable; we weave a thread of it each day, and at last we cannot break it.' (Horace Mann)
- The paper reported that a major earthquake had shaken the interior of Mexico, killing thousands.
- When we were five years old, Mike and I solemnly swore to remain friends forever.
- Moira had meant to send her father a birthday card, but as usual she forgot.
- The force of the shock from the explosion broke every window in the old school building.
- Uncle Bert had gone to the post office at lunchtime but never came back.
- Trying to be good Samaritans had brought us nothing but trouble.
- The student insisted that someone had stolen his sunglasses, but everyone could see that they were still sitting on top of his head.
- Walt Disney claimed that he loved Mickey Mouse more than any woman he had ever known
Use of the right form of verbs- ৫০ টি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ নিয়ম বাংলায়।
চাকরির খবর - Job Circular·Friday, February 10, 2017
Use of the right form of verbs- ৫০ টি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ নিয়ম বাংলায়।
এই নিয়ম গুলো বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ও যে কোন জব পরীক্ষায় খুবই গুরুত্বপূর্ণ।
----------------------o--------------------
এই নিয়ম গুলো বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ও যে কোন জব পরীক্ষায় খুবই গুরুত্বপূর্ণ।
----------------------o--------------------
সাধারন নিয়মঃ
1) বাক্যের subject যদি third person ও singular number হয় তাহলে present indefinite tense এ verb এর সাথে s/es হয় । কিন্তু অন্য কোন Tense এ রকম হয় না ।
যেমন:
সে ভাত খায় - He eats rice.
সে নাচে- She dances.
মুকুল গান গায়- Mukul sings a song.
লক্ষ্য কর: উপরের বাক্য গুলোতে He, She, Mukul subject গুলো third person singular number(একবচন).
কিন্তু subject third person হয়েও যদি plural number(বহুবচন) হয় তাহলে verb এর সাথে s/es যুক্ত হয় না ।
যেমন:
তাহারা ভাত খায় - They eat rice.
মুকুল এবং মুনির গান গায় - Mukul and Munir sing a song.
এখানে subject গুলো হল plural (বহুবচন).
1) বাক্যের subject যদি third person ও singular number হয় তাহলে present indefinite tense এ verb এর সাথে s/es হয় । কিন্তু অন্য কোন Tense এ রকম হয় না ।
যেমন:
সে ভাত খায় - He eats rice.
সে নাচে- She dances.
মুকুল গান গায়- Mukul sings a song.
লক্ষ্য কর: উপরের বাক্য গুলোতে He, She, Mukul subject গুলো third person singular number(একবচন).
কিন্তু subject third person হয়েও যদি plural number(বহুবচন) হয় তাহলে verb এর সাথে s/es যুক্ত হয় না ।
যেমন:
তাহারা ভাত খায় - They eat rice.
মুকুল এবং মুনির গান গায় - Mukul and Munir sing a song.
এখানে subject গুলো হল plural (বহুবচন).
2. Present indefinite Tense এর বাক্যের subject third person ও singular number হলেও বাক্যটি যদি negative হয় তাহলে তাতে does not ব্যবহৃত হয় এবং তখন verb এর সাথে s/es হয় না ।
যেমন:
He goes to school. (affirmative)
He does not go to school. (negative)
Joly sings a song. (affirmative)
Joly does not sing a song. (negative)
যেমন:
He goes to school. (affirmative)
He does not go to school. (negative)
Joly sings a song. (affirmative)
Joly does not sing a song. (negative)
3. Past or future Tense হলে verb এর সাথে s/es যুক্ত হয় না । সেক্ষেত্রে সেই Tense এর structure অনুযায়ী verb বসবে ।
4. Modal verb যেমন: can,could,may,might,shall,should,will,would,dare,need,ought to,have to, must এর পরে verb এর সাথে কোন কিছু যোগ না হয়ে verb এর present form বসবে ।
যেমন:
তোমার কাজটি করা উচিত - You should do the work.
তাকে অবশ্যই নাচতে হবে - She must dance.
মুকুলের যেকোন ভয়াবহ পরিস্থিতি মোকাবেলা করার সাহস আছে - Mukul dare challenge any dire consequence.
হাফেজ লোকজনকে হাসাতে পারে - Hafez can make the people laugh.
যেমন:
তোমার কাজটি করা উচিত - You should do the work.
তাকে অবশ্যই নাচতে হবে - She must dance.
মুকুলের যেকোন ভয়াবহ পরিস্থিতি মোকাবেলা করার সাহস আছে - Mukul dare challenge any dire consequence.
হাফেজ লোকজনকে হাসাতে পারে - Hafez can make the people laugh.
5. yesterday,ago,last week, last month/year, day before yesterday(গত পরশু দিন) ইত্যাদি word বাক্যে ব্যবহৃত হয়ে যদি কাজটি ঐ সময় হয়েছিল বুঝায় তাহলে verb এর past form ব্যবহত হয় । বাংলা বাক্যটিতে verb এর রুপ present এর মত মনে হলেও ইংরেজীতে verb এর past form ব্যবহার করতে হয় ।
যেমন:
সুজন গতকাল বাড়ী এসেছে - Sujon came home yesterday.
আমি গত বছর ভারত গিয়েছিলাম - I went India last year.
6. অনেকক্ষণ ধরে একটি কাজ চলছে এরূপ বুঝাতে for এবং অনেক আগের কোন একটি মুহূর্ত থেকে একটি কাজ চলছে এই অর্থে since ব্যবহৃত হলে তার পূর্ববর্তী verb এর present perfect continuous tense হয় । যদি verb না থেকে কোন Adjective থাকে তাহলে তার পূর্বে have been / has been(present perfect tense) বসে ।
যেমন:
✘Inc:- He is ill(adjective) for two months.(সে দুই মাস যাবত অসুস্থ)
✔ Cort:-He has been ill for two months.
✘Inc:- ✘Inc:- It is raining for two hours.
✔ Cort:-It has been raining for two hours.
✘Inc:- ✘Inc:- She is reading in this school since 1989.
✔ Cort:-She has been reading in this school since 1989.
যেমন:
সুজন গতকাল বাড়ী এসেছে - Sujon came home yesterday.
আমি গত বছর ভারত গিয়েছিলাম - I went India last year.
6. অনেকক্ষণ ধরে একটি কাজ চলছে এরূপ বুঝাতে for এবং অনেক আগের কোন একটি মুহূর্ত থেকে একটি কাজ চলছে এই অর্থে since ব্যবহৃত হলে তার পূর্ববর্তী verb এর present perfect continuous tense হয় । যদি verb না থেকে কোন Adjective থাকে তাহলে তার পূর্বে have been / has been(present perfect tense) বসে ।
যেমন:
✘Inc:- He is ill(adjective) for two months.(সে দুই মাস যাবত অসুস্থ)
✔ Cort:-He has been ill for two months.
✘Inc:- ✘Inc:- It is raining for two hours.
✔ Cort:-It has been raining for two hours.
✘Inc:- ✘Inc:- She is reading in this school since 1989.
✔ Cort:-She has been reading in this school since 1989.
7. Since এর দুই পাশে যদি দুটি ছোট বাক্য অথবা clause থাকে তাহলে প্রথম বাক্যটির verb হবে present perfect Tense এর এবং এবং দ্বিতীয় বাক্যটির verb হবে past indefinite.
যেমন:
✘Inc:- Ten years passed since he has left the village.(দশ বছর হল সে গ্রাম ছেড়েছে)
✔ Cort:-Ten years have passed since he left the village.
✘Inc:- Two days passed away since he has died ( দুদিন হল সে মরেছে )
Correct: Two days have passed away since he died.
যেমন:
✘Inc:- Ten years passed since he has left the village.(দশ বছর হল সে গ্রাম ছেড়েছে)
✔ Cort:-Ten years have passed since he left the village.
✘Inc:- Two days passed away since he has died ( দুদিন হল সে মরেছে )
Correct: Two days have passed away since he died.
8. Since যখন Adverb হিসাবে বসে ago(আগে) এর মত অর্থ প্রকাশ করে তখন এই since এর আগে একটি Adverb of time বসে এবং verb এর past indefinite Tense হয় ।
যেমন:
✘Inc:- I have seen my wife long since(ago). (অনেক আগে আমি আমার বউকে দেখেছিলাম)
✔ Cort:-I saw my wife long since(ago)
লক্ষ্য কর: এখানে long since এর আগে adverb of time হিসাবে বসেছে ।
যেমন:
✘Inc:- I have seen my wife long since(ago). (অনেক আগে আমি আমার বউকে দেখেছিলাম)
✔ Cort:-I saw my wife long since(ago)
লক্ষ্য কর: এখানে long since এর আগে adverb of time হিসাবে বসেছে ।
9. Before মানে হল 'আগে' । এর আগে verb এর past perfect tense(had + verb এর past participle) বসে । আবার after মানে হল 'পরে' । এরপরে past perfect tense (had + verb এর past participle) বসে ।
যেমন:
ডাক্তার আসার আগে রোগীটি মারা গেল : The patient had died before the doctor came
ডাক্তার আসার পরে রোগীটি মারা গেল : The patient died after the doctor had come
যেমন:
ডাক্তার আসার আগে রোগীটি মারা গেল : The patient had died before the doctor came
ডাক্তার আসার পরে রোগীটি মারা গেল : The patient died after the doctor had come
10. বর্তমানে কোন কাজ সম্পন্ন হয়েছে এরুপ অনুমান বুঝালে তখন verb এর future perfect tense (Subject + shall / will + have + verb(past participle) ) ।
যেমন:
সে হয়ত (নিশ্চিত অনুমান) এতক্ষনে বরিশাল পৌছে গেছে - He will have reached barishal by this time.
লক্ষ্য কর: এখানে by this time - দ্বারা বর্তমান কাল বুঝাচ্ছে । অথচ verb এর future perfect tense ব্যবহৃত হল । তার মানে এই নয় যে কাজটি future এর, অনুমান প্রকাশ করতে গেলে future perfect tense এরুপে বর্তমানকে বুঝাতে পারে ।
যেমন:
সে হয়ত (নিশ্চিত অনুমান) এতক্ষনে বরিশাল পৌছে গেছে - He will have reached barishal by this time.
লক্ষ্য কর: এখানে by this time - দ্বারা বর্তমান কাল বুঝাচ্ছে । অথচ verb এর future perfect tense ব্যবহৃত হল । তার মানে এই নয় যে কাজটি future এর, অনুমান প্রকাশ করতে গেলে future perfect tense এরুপে বর্তমানকে বুঝাতে পারে ।
11. Lest দ্বারা দুটি clause যুক্ত হলে পরবর্তী clause এর verb এর আগে should বসে । ঐ verb টির negative রুপ ব্যবহার করা যায় না ।
যেমন:
Run fast lest(পাছে, নইলে) you should miss the train.
✘Inc:- Work hard lest you will fail.
✔ Cort:-Work hard lest you should fail.
আবার
✘Inc:- Work hard lest you ুshould not fail.
✔ Cort:-Work hard lest you should fail.
লক্ষ্য কর: এখানে long since এর আগে adverb of time হিসাবে বসেছে ।
যেমন:
Run fast lest(পাছে, নইলে) you should miss the train.
✘Inc:- Work hard lest you will fail.
✔ Cort:-Work hard lest you should fail.
আবার
✘Inc:- Work hard lest you ুshould not fail.
✔ Cort:-Work hard lest you should fail.
লক্ষ্য কর: এখানে long since এর আগে adverb of time হিসাবে বসেছে ।
12. অতীতকালের সম্ভাবনা প্রকাশ করতে (এরকম হ'তে হত বা ঘটত - ইত্যাদি) would have + verb এর past participle ব্যবহৃত হয় ।
যেমন:
If you had not helped me , I would have failed in the examination.
তুুমি যদি আমাকে সাহায্য না করতে তাহলে আমি পরীক্ষায় ফেল করতাম ।
যেমন:
If you had not helped me , I would have failed in the examination.
তুুমি যদি আমাকে সাহায্য না করতে তাহলে আমি পরীক্ষায় ফেল করতাম ।
13. অতীতকালে কোন কাজ ঘটেছে এরুপ নিশ্চিত অনুমান বুঝাতে must have + verb এর past participle ব্যবহৃত হয় ।
যেমন:
He didn't go to school yesterday , He must have been ill.
সে গতকাল স্কুলে যায়নি , নিশ্চয়ই সে অসুস্থ থাকবে ।
যেমন:
He didn't go to school yesterday , He must have been ill.
সে গতকাল স্কুলে যায়নি , নিশ্চয়ই সে অসুস্থ থাকবে ।
14. কোন কামনা (wish, desire) বুঝাতে subject এর আগে may বসে । এমন বাক্যটিকে বলে optative sentence.
যেমন:
May you be happy - তুমি সুখী হও ।
May Allah bless you - আল্লাহ তোমার মঙ্গল করুন ।
যেমন:
May you be happy - তুমি সুখী হও ।
May Allah bless you - আল্লাহ তোমার মঙ্গল করুন ।
15. As if, as though দ্বারা দুইটি clause যুক্ত হলে প্রথম clause টির verb present tense এর হলেও পরবর্তী clause টির verb এর past indefinite tense হয় ।
যেমন:
He talks as if he were(was নয়) mad - সে পাগলের মত কথা বলে ।
He behaves as if he owned the house - সে এমনভাবে কথা বলে যেন সে বাড়িটির মালিক ।
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যেমন:
He talks as if he were(was নয়) mad - সে পাগলের মত কথা বলে ।
He behaves as if he owned the house - সে এমনভাবে কথা বলে যেন সে বাড়িটির মালিক ।
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16. A). No sooner had +sub+verb(past participle)+ than + Past indefinite tense.
B). Scarcely had + sub + verb(past participle) + When + Past indefinite tense.
C). Hardly had + sub + verb(past participle) + When + Past indefinite tense.
যেমন:
আমি স্টেশনে পৌছতে না পৌছতেই ট্রেন ছেড়ে দিল ।
= No sooner had I reached the station than the train left(past form).
= Scarcely had I reached the station when the train left(past form).
= Hardly had I reached the station when the train left(past form).
B). Scarcely had + sub + verb(past participle) + When + Past indefinite tense.
C). Hardly had + sub + verb(past participle) + When + Past indefinite tense.
যেমন:
আমি স্টেশনে পৌছতে না পৌছতেই ট্রেন ছেড়ে দিল ।
= No sooner had I reached the station than the train left(past form).
= Scarcely had I reached the station when the train left(past form).
= Hardly had I reached the station when the train left(past form).
এডভান্স নিয়মঃ
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✐ Rule-1
Subject যদি third person singular number হয় এবং উক্ত বাক্যটি যদি Present indefinite tense হয় তবে verb- এর সহিত s/es যোগ হবে।
(a) The boy (go)—to school regularly.
✔ Ans:- The boy goes to school regularly.
(b) The boy does not (go)—to school daily.
✔ Ans:- The boy does not go to school daily.
(c) The boy generally (go)—to college at 8 a.m.
✔ Ans:- The boy generally goes to college at 8 a.m.
Try yourself:
(d) Mr. Khan (go)—abroad every month.
(e) His father (come)—home every week.
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✐ Rule-1
Subject যদি third person singular number হয় এবং উক্ত বাক্যটি যদি Present indefinite tense হয় তবে verb- এর সহিত s/es যোগ হবে।
(a) The boy (go)—to school regularly.
✔ Ans:- The boy goes to school regularly.
(b) The boy does not (go)—to school daily.
✔ Ans:- The boy does not go to school daily.
(c) The boy generally (go)—to college at 8 a.m.
✔ Ans:- The boy generally goes to college at 8 a.m.
Try yourself:
(d) Mr. Khan (go)—abroad every month.
(e) His father (come)—home every week.
✐ Rule-2
Present indefinite tense-এ Subject third person singular number হওয়া সত্ত্বেও can, must, should এর পরে verb- এর সহিত s/es যোগ হবে না।
(a) The man can (do)—the work.
✔ Ans:- The man can do the work.
(b) She must (come)—to her office in time.
✔ Ans:- She must come to her office in time.
(c) The student should (learn)—his lessons regularly.
✔ Ans:- The student should learn his lessons regularly.
Try yourself:
(d) He can (walk)—five miles at a time.
(e) The girl must not (go)—to college on foot.
Present indefinite tense-এ Subject third person singular number হওয়া সত্ত্বেও can, must, should এর পরে verb- এর সহিত s/es যোগ হবে না।
(a) The man can (do)—the work.
✔ Ans:- The man can do the work.
(b) She must (come)—to her office in time.
✔ Ans:- She must come to her office in time.
(c) The student should (learn)—his lessons regularly.
✔ Ans:- The student should learn his lessons regularly.
Try yourself:
(d) He can (walk)—five miles at a time.
(e) The girl must not (go)—to college on foot.
✐ Rule-3
Sentence যদি universal truth (চিরন্তন সত্য), Habitual fact (অভ্যাসগত কর্ম) ইত্যাদি বুঝায় তাহলে sentenceটি Present Indefinite Tense হয়। যেমন:
(a) The earth (move)—round the sun.
✔ Ans:- The earth moves round the sun.
(b) The sun (rise)—the east.
✔ Ans:- The sun rises in the east.
(c) The sun (set)—the west.
✔ Ans:- The sun sets in the west.
Try yourself:
(d) We know that ice (float)—water.
(e) The teacher said that the earth (be)—round.
Sentence যদি universal truth (চিরন্তন সত্য), Habitual fact (অভ্যাসগত কর্ম) ইত্যাদি বুঝায় তাহলে sentenceটি Present Indefinite Tense হয়। যেমন:
(a) The earth (move)—round the sun.
✔ Ans:- The earth moves round the sun.
(b) The sun (rise)—the east.
✔ Ans:- The sun rises in the east.
(c) The sun (set)—the west.
✔ Ans:- The sun sets in the west.
Try yourself:
(d) We know that ice (float)—water.
(e) The teacher said that the earth (be)—round.
✐ Rule-4
যেসব Sentence-এ কোনো সময়ের উল্লেখ থাকে না এবং মাঝেমধ্যে generally, usually, ordinarily, normally, always, Sometimes, Often, daily, everyday, regularly, ব্যবহ্নত হয় সেগুলো Present Ind. Tense হয়। যেমন:
(a) Sabiha (learn)—her lessons regularly.
✔ Ans:- Sabiha learns her lessons regularly.
(b) He always (disturb)—the students.
✔ Ans:- He always disturbs the students.
(c) A good student (learn)—his lessons regularly.
✔ Ans:- A good student learns his lessons regularly.
Try yourself:
(d) Rahman very often (come)—me.
(e) Does he (read)—the newspaper daily?
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যেসব Sentence-এ কোনো সময়ের উল্লেখ থাকে না এবং মাঝেমধ্যে generally, usually, ordinarily, normally, always, Sometimes, Often, daily, everyday, regularly, ব্যবহ্নত হয় সেগুলো Present Ind. Tense হয়। যেমন:
(a) Sabiha (learn)—her lessons regularly.
✔ Ans:- Sabiha learns her lessons regularly.
(b) He always (disturb)—the students.
✔ Ans:- He always disturbs the students.
(c) A good student (learn)—his lessons regularly.
✔ Ans:- A good student learns his lessons regularly.
Try yourself:
(d) Rahman very often (come)—me.
(e) Does he (read)—the newspaper daily?
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✐ Rule-5
Sentence টি Active Voice হলে can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, need, dare, used to, ought to প্রভৃতি Modal Auxiliary Verb-এর পরে present form হয়। যেমন:
(a) The boy can (work out)—the sum.
✔ Ans:- The boy can work out the sum.
(b) He could not (eat)—all the mangoes.
✔ Ans:- He could not eat all the mangoes.
(c) You must (do)—your duty properly.
✔ Ans:- You must do your duty properly.
Try yourself:
(d) It may (rain)—today.
(e) One should (take)—care of one’s health.
Sentence টি Active Voice হলে can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, need, dare, used to, ought to প্রভৃতি Modal Auxiliary Verb-এর পরে present form হয়। যেমন:
(a) The boy can (work out)—the sum.
✔ Ans:- The boy can work out the sum.
(b) He could not (eat)—all the mangoes.
✔ Ans:- He could not eat all the mangoes.
(c) You must (do)—your duty properly.
✔ Ans:- You must do your duty properly.
Try yourself:
(d) It may (rain)—today.
(e) One should (take)—care of one’s health.
✐ Rule-6
Sentenceটি Passive Voice হলে can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, need, dare, used to, ought to প্রভৃতি Modal Auxiliary Verb-এর পরে be+ Verb-এর past participle form হয়। যেমন:
The work can (do) .... immediately.
✔ Ans:- The work can be done immediately.
All the mangoes could (eat) .....
✔ Ans:- All the mangoes could be eaten.
Your duty must (perform) ..... very soon.
✔ Ans:- Your duty must be performed very soon.
Try yourself:
It can not (deny) ....
The English book will (buy) .... tomorrow.
Sentenceটি Passive Voice হলে can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, need, dare, used to, ought to প্রভৃতি Modal Auxiliary Verb-এর পরে be+ Verb-এর past participle form হয়। যেমন:
The work can (do) .... immediately.
✔ Ans:- The work can be done immediately.
All the mangoes could (eat) .....
✔ Ans:- All the mangoes could be eaten.
Your duty must (perform) ..... very soon.
✔ Ans:- Your duty must be performed very soon.
Try yourself:
It can not (deny) ....
The English book will (buy) .... tomorrow.
✐ Rule-7
Let, had rather, had better, would better, do not, does not, need not, did not, did never ইত্যাদির পরে Verb-এর present form হয় । যেমন:
(a) I let the other boys (use) my skates.
✔ Ans:- I let the other boys use my skates.
(b) I had better (go) __ home by this time.
✔ Ans:- I had better go home by this time.
I need not (do) __the work.
✔ Ans:- I need not do the work.
Try yourself:
(d) He did not (go) .... to college yesterday.
(e) He does not (like) ... student-politics.
Let, had rather, had better, would better, do not, does not, need not, did not, did never ইত্যাদির পরে Verb-এর present form হয় । যেমন:
(a) I let the other boys (use) my skates.
✔ Ans:- I let the other boys use my skates.
(b) I had better (go) __ home by this time.
✔ Ans:- I had better go home by this time.
I need not (do) __the work.
✔ Ans:- I need not do the work.
Try yourself:
(d) He did not (go) .... to college yesterday.
(e) He does not (like) ... student-politics.
✐ Rule-8
Sentence-এ have/has থাকলে Sentenceটি present perfect Tense হবে। যেমন:
She has (write)_a letter to her mother.
✔ Ans:- She has written a letter to her mother.
I have (have)__my meal.
✔ Ans:- I have had my meal.
She had (have)__her letter.
✔ Ans:- She had had her letter.
Try yourself:
Have you ever (be)__ to the zoo?
Colombus has (discover)__America.
Sentence-এ have/has থাকলে Sentenceটি present perfect Tense হবে। যেমন:
She has (write)_a letter to her mother.
✔ Ans:- She has written a letter to her mother.
I have (have)__my meal.
✔ Ans:- I have had my meal.
She had (have)__her letter.
✔ Ans:- She had had her letter.
Try yourself:
Have you ever (be)__ to the zoo?
Colombus has (discover)__America.
✐ Rule-9
Sentence-এ just, just now, already, recently, lately, ever, yet ইত্যাদি থাকলে তা present perfect Tense হয়।
(a) Rabeya (take)—her dinner just now.
✔ Ans:- Rabeya has taken her dinner just now.
(b) I (see)—him recently.
✔ Ans:- I have seen him recently.
(c) He already (reach)—home.
✔ Ans:- He has already reached home.
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Try yourself:
(d) Have you ever (be)—to the zoo?
(e) Have you not (receive)—my letter yet?
Sentence-এ just, just now, already, recently, lately, ever, yet ইত্যাদি থাকলে তা present perfect Tense হয়।
(a) Rabeya (take)—her dinner just now.
✔ Ans:- Rabeya has taken her dinner just now.
(b) I (see)—him recently.
✔ Ans:- I have seen him recently.
(c) He already (reach)—home.
✔ Ans:- He has already reached home.
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Try yourself:
(d) Have you ever (be)—to the zoo?
(e) Have you not (receive)—my letter yet?
✐ Rule-10:
Sentence-এ yesterday, ago, long ago, last week, last year, last month, that day, day before yesterday প্রভৃতি অতীত নির্দেশক শব্দ থাকলে তা Past Indefinite Tense হবে । যেমন:
(a) The boy (go)—home yesterday.
✔ Ans:- The boy went home yesterday.
(b) She did not (go)—to college yesterday.
✔ Ans:- She did not go to college yesterday.
(c) Did he (come)—home yesterday?
✔ Ans:- Did he come home yesterday?
Try yourself:
(d) The man (go)—London last week.
(e) He (leave)—home last night.
Sentence-এ yesterday, ago, long ago, last week, last year, last month, that day, day before yesterday প্রভৃতি অতীত নির্দেশক শব্দ থাকলে তা Past Indefinite Tense হবে । যেমন:
(a) The boy (go)—home yesterday.
✔ Ans:- The boy went home yesterday.
(b) She did not (go)—to college yesterday.
✔ Ans:- She did not go to college yesterday.
(c) Did he (come)—home yesterday?
✔ Ans:- Did he come home yesterday?
Try yourself:
(d) The man (go)—London last week.
(e) He (leave)—home last night.
✐ Rule-11
To- এর পরে Verb- এর present form হয়। যেমন:
(a) She went to New Market to (buy)—a dress.
✔ Ans:- She went to New Market to buy a dress.
(b) We have come here to (see)—his ailing mother.
✔ Ans:- We have come here to see his ailing mother.
(c) The man said to the porter to (carry)—the load.
✔ Ans:- The man said to the porter to carry the load.
Try yourself:
(d) You need to (go)—there.
(e) We have to (realise)—the importance of English.
To- এর পরে Verb- এর present form হয়। যেমন:
(a) She went to New Market to (buy)—a dress.
✔ Ans:- She went to New Market to buy a dress.
(b) We have come here to (see)—his ailing mother.
✔ Ans:- We have come here to see his ailing mother.
(c) The man said to the porter to (carry)—the load.
✔ Ans:- The man said to the porter to carry the load.
Try yourself:
(d) You need to (go)—there.
(e) We have to (realise)—the importance of English.
✐ Rule-12
‘Since’ বা ‘for’ এর পরে সময় উল্লেখ থাাকলে senteneটি present perfect Continuous Tense হবে। যেমন:
(a) It (rain)—for two hours.
✔ Ans:- It has been raining for two hours.
(b) It (rain)—since the morning.
✔ Ans:- It has been raining since the morning.
(c) We (live)—in Dhaka since 1986.
✔ Ans:- We have been living in Dhaka since 1986.
Try yourself:
(d) They (live)—Dhaka for 20 years.
(e) She (wait)—you for two hours. ✐ Rule-21
If যুক্ত causeটি Present Indefinite tense হলে অপর Clauseটি Future Indefinite Tense হয়; অর্থাৎ [If +Present Indefinite+Future Indefinite]
(a) If you walk slowly, you (miss)—the train.
✔ Ans:- If you walk slowly, you will miss the train.
(b) If he works hard, he (shine)—in life.
✔ Ans:- If he works hard, he will shine in life.
(c) If you run in the rain, you (catch)—cold.
✔ Ans:- If you run in the rain, you will catch cold.
Try yourself:
(d) I will not go out, if it (rain)—.
(e) If he (come)—here, I will go there with him.
‘Since’ বা ‘for’ এর পরে সময় উল্লেখ থাাকলে senteneটি present perfect Continuous Tense হবে। যেমন:
(a) It (rain)—for two hours.
✔ Ans:- It has been raining for two hours.
(b) It (rain)—since the morning.
✔ Ans:- It has been raining since the morning.
(c) We (live)—in Dhaka since 1986.
✔ Ans:- We have been living in Dhaka since 1986.
Try yourself:
(d) They (live)—Dhaka for 20 years.
(e) She (wait)—you for two hours. ✐ Rule-21
If যুক্ত causeটি Present Indefinite tense হলে অপর Clauseটি Future Indefinite Tense হয়; অর্থাৎ [If +Present Indefinite+Future Indefinite]
(a) If you walk slowly, you (miss)—the train.
✔ Ans:- If you walk slowly, you will miss the train.
(b) If he works hard, he (shine)—in life.
✔ Ans:- If he works hard, he will shine in life.
(c) If you run in the rain, you (catch)—cold.
✔ Ans:- If you run in the rain, you will catch cold.
Try yourself:
(d) I will not go out, if it (rain)—.
(e) If he (come)—here, I will go there with him.
✐ Rule-13
with a view to/look forward to এর পরে Verb এর সহিত ing যোগ হয়।
(a) I went there with a view to (read)—there.
✔ Ans:- I went there with a view to reading there.
(b) I am looking forward to (get)—your reply.
✔ Ans:- I am looking forward to getting your reply.
(c) I looked forward to (stand)—first in the class.
✔ Ans:- I looked forward to standing first in the class.
Try yourself:
(d) They become addicted to (take)—drugs.
(e) We went to Cox’s Bazar with a view to (see)—the sea shore.
with a view to/look forward to এর পরে Verb এর সহিত ing যোগ হয়।
(a) I went there with a view to (read)—there.
✔ Ans:- I went there with a view to reading there.
(b) I am looking forward to (get)—your reply.
✔ Ans:- I am looking forward to getting your reply.
(c) I looked forward to (stand)—first in the class.
✔ Ans:- I looked forward to standing first in the class.
Try yourself:
(d) They become addicted to (take)—drugs.
(e) We went to Cox’s Bazar with a view to (see)—the sea shore.
✐ Rule-14
By-এর পরে Verb এর সহিত ing যোগ হয়। যেমন:
(a) He expressed his grief by (say)—that the thief had stolen his watch.
✔ Ans:- He expressed his grief by saying that the thief had stolen his watch.
(b) Answer the questions by (write)—one point of information.
✔ Ans:- Answer the questions by writing one point of information.
(c) By (dig)—a deeper hole, Jerry planted a tree.
✔ Ans:- By digging a deeper hole, Jerry planted a tree.
Try yourself:
(d) No student can pass the examination by (adopt)— unfairmeans in the examination.
(e) By (be)—conscious of a language one can develop his ‘explicit’ learning.
By-এর পরে Verb এর সহিত ing যোগ হয়। যেমন:
(a) He expressed his grief by (say)—that the thief had stolen his watch.
✔ Ans:- He expressed his grief by saying that the thief had stolen his watch.
(b) Answer the questions by (write)—one point of information.
✔ Ans:- Answer the questions by writing one point of information.
(c) By (dig)—a deeper hole, Jerry planted a tree.
✔ Ans:- By digging a deeper hole, Jerry planted a tree.
Try yourself:
(d) No student can pass the examination by (adopt)— unfairmeans in the examination.
(e) By (be)—conscious of a language one can develop his ‘explicit’ learning.
✐ Rule-15
in/of/for/with/without/before/after প্রভৃতি Peposition- এর পরে Verb এর সহিত ing যোগ হয়। যেমন:
(a) I don’t believe in (overload)—my stomach.
✔ Ans:- I don’t believe in overloading my stomach.
(b) I had never thought of (go)—there.
✔ Ans:- I had never thought of going there.
(c) I could not live without (help)—the poor.
✔ Ans:- I could not live without helping the poor.
Try yourself:
(d) After (do)—the work I will go out.
(e) The porter came here for (do)—the work.
in/of/for/with/without/before/after প্রভৃতি Peposition- এর পরে Verb এর সহিত ing যোগ হয়। যেমন:
(a) I don’t believe in (overload)—my stomach.
✔ Ans:- I don’t believe in overloading my stomach.
(b) I had never thought of (go)—there.
✔ Ans:- I had never thought of going there.
(c) I could not live without (help)—the poor.
✔ Ans:- I could not live without helping the poor.
Try yourself:
(d) After (do)—the work I will go out.
(e) The porter came here for (do)—the work.
✐ Rule-16
Mind, would you mind, worth, past, can not help, could not help - এর পরে Verb এর সহিত ing যোগ হয়। যেমন:
(a) Would you mind (give)—me a pen ?
✔ Ans:- Would you mind giving me a pen ?
(b) I can not help (do)—the work.
✔ Ans:- I can not help doing the work.
(c) He could not help (help)—the poor.
✔ Ans:- He could not help helping the poor.
Try yourself:
(d) She never mind (have)—ice cream.
(e) He could not help (sell)—his land.
Mind, would you mind, worth, past, can not help, could not help - এর পরে Verb এর সহিত ing যোগ হয়। যেমন:
(a) Would you mind (give)—me a pen ?
✔ Ans:- Would you mind giving me a pen ?
(b) I can not help (do)—the work.
✔ Ans:- I can not help doing the work.
(c) He could not help (help)—the poor.
✔ Ans:- He could not help helping the poor.
Try yourself:
(d) She never mind (have)—ice cream.
(e) He could not help (sell)—his land.
✐ Rule-17
Sentence এর শুরুতে যদি would that থাকে তাহলে subject এর পরে could বসে এবং Verb এর Present form হয়।
(a) Would that I (go)—to the moon.
✔ Ans:- Would that I could go to the moon.
(b) Would that I (be)—a poet like Nazrul.
✔ Ans:- Would that I could be a poet like Nazrul.
(c) Would that I (enter)—into the class-room.
✔ Ans:- Would that I could enter into the class-room.
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Try yourself:
(d) Would that I (buy)—a latest car.
(e) Would that I (see)—our great Prophet (SM).
Sentence এর শুরুতে যদি would that থাকে তাহলে subject এর পরে could বসে এবং Verb এর Present form হয়।
(a) Would that I (go)—to the moon.
✔ Ans:- Would that I could go to the moon.
(b) Would that I (be)—a poet like Nazrul.
✔ Ans:- Would that I could be a poet like Nazrul.
(c) Would that I (enter)—into the class-room.
✔ Ans:- Would that I could enter into the class-room.
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Try yourself:
(d) Would that I (buy)—a latest car.
(e) Would that I (see)—our great Prophet (SM).
✐ Rule-18
Sentence এ ‘to be’/having/got থাকলে মূল Verb এর Past participle হয়।
(a) The thief ran away having (see)—the policeman.
✔ Ans:- The thief ran away having seen the policeman.
(b) The Principal desired the notice to be (hang)—.
✔ Ans:- The Principal desired the notice to be hung.
(c) The work is to be (do)—immediately.
✔ Ans:- The work is to be done immediately.
Try yourself:
(d) I got the letter (write)—by him.
(e) Having (do)—his duty he went out.
✐ Rule-19
ব্রাকেটে (be) থাকলে person, number এবং tense অনুযায়ী am/is/are/Was/were/been হবে
(a) Allah (be)—everywhere.
✔ Ans:- Allah is everywhere.
(b) It (be)—twenty years ago.
✔ Ans:- It was twenty years ago.
(c) One of my friends (be)—a good student.
✔ Ans:- One of my friends is/was a good student.
Try yourself:
(d) The tickets of the journey (be)—very costly.
(e) The people of this village (be)—very poor.
Sentence এ ‘to be’/having/got থাকলে মূল Verb এর Past participle হয়।
(a) The thief ran away having (see)—the policeman.
✔ Ans:- The thief ran away having seen the policeman.
(b) The Principal desired the notice to be (hang)—.
✔ Ans:- The Principal desired the notice to be hung.
(c) The work is to be (do)—immediately.
✔ Ans:- The work is to be done immediately.
Try yourself:
(d) I got the letter (write)—by him.
(e) Having (do)—his duty he went out.
✐ Rule-19
ব্রাকেটে (be) থাকলে person, number এবং tense অনুযায়ী am/is/are/Was/were/been হবে
(a) Allah (be)—everywhere.
✔ Ans:- Allah is everywhere.
(b) It (be)—twenty years ago.
✔ Ans:- It was twenty years ago.
(c) One of my friends (be)—a good student.
✔ Ans:- One of my friends is/was a good student.
Try yourself:
(d) The tickets of the journey (be)—very costly.
(e) The people of this village (be)—very poor.
✐ Rule-20
বর্তমানে চলছে এমন কোনো কাজ বুঝলে present Continuous Tense হয়। (এসব ক্ষেত্রে সাধারণত Now, at present, at this moment ইত্যাদি ব্যবহার করা হয়)।
(a) Now the students (sing)—the national anthem.
✔ Ans:- Now the students are singing the national anthem.
(b) The boys (watch)—the television now.
✔ Ans:- The boys are watching the television now.
(c) They (enjoy)—a song now.
✔ Ans:- They are enjoying a song now.
Try yourself:
(d) They (watch)—TV at this moment.
(e) The farmer (cultivate)—his land now.
বর্তমানে চলছে এমন কোনো কাজ বুঝলে present Continuous Tense হয়। (এসব ক্ষেত্রে সাধারণত Now, at present, at this moment ইত্যাদি ব্যবহার করা হয়)।
(a) Now the students (sing)—the national anthem.
✔ Ans:- Now the students are singing the national anthem.
(b) The boys (watch)—the television now.
✔ Ans:- The boys are watching the television now.
(c) They (enjoy)—a song now.
✔ Ans:- They are enjoying a song now.
Try yourself:
(d) They (watch)—TV at this moment.
(e) The farmer (cultivate)—his land now.
✐ Rule-21
If যুক্ত causeটি Present Indefinite tense হলে অপর Clauseটি Future Indefinite Tense হয়; অর্থাৎ [If +Present Indefinite+Future Indefinite]
(a) If you walk slowly, you (miss)—the train.
✔ Ans:- If you walk slowly, you will miss the train.
(b) If he works hard, he (shine)—in life.
✔ Ans:- If he works hard, he will shine in life.
(c) If you run in the rain, you (catch)—cold.
✔ Ans:- If you run in the rain, you will catch cold.
Try yourself:
(d) I will not go out, if it (rain)—.
(e) If he (come)—here, I will go there with him.
If যুক্ত causeটি Present Indefinite tense হলে অপর Clauseটি Future Indefinite Tense হয়; অর্থাৎ [If +Present Indefinite+Future Indefinite]
(a) If you walk slowly, you (miss)—the train.
✔ Ans:- If you walk slowly, you will miss the train.
(b) If he works hard, he (shine)—in life.
✔ Ans:- If he works hard, he will shine in life.
(c) If you run in the rain, you (catch)—cold.
✔ Ans:- If you run in the rain, you will catch cold.
Try yourself:
(d) I will not go out, if it (rain)—.
(e) If he (come)—here, I will go there with him.
✐ Rule-22
lf/Had যুক্ত clauseটি Past Indefinite Tense হলে অপর clause-এর Subject-এর পরে would/could/might বসে এবং Verb -এর Present Form বসে। যেমন:
(a) If he requested me, I (go)— there.
✔ Ans:- If he requested me, I would go there.
(b) If I were a rich man, I (help)—the poor.
✔ Ans:- If I were a rich man, I would help the poor.
(c) If I were the President, I (remove)—the terrorism.
✔ Ans:- If I were the President, I would remove the terrorism.
Try yourself:
(d) Had I much money, I (establish)—a college.
(e) Had I the wings of a bird, I (fly)—like a bird.
lf/Had যুক্ত clauseটি Past Indefinite Tense হলে অপর clause-এর Subject-এর পরে would/could/might বসে এবং Verb -এর Present Form বসে। যেমন:
(a) If he requested me, I (go)— there.
✔ Ans:- If he requested me, I would go there.
(b) If I were a rich man, I (help)—the poor.
✔ Ans:- If I were a rich man, I would help the poor.
(c) If I were the President, I (remove)—the terrorism.
✔ Ans:- If I were the President, I would remove the terrorism.
Try yourself:
(d) Had I much money, I (establish)—a college.
(e) Had I the wings of a bird, I (fly)—like a bird.
✐ Rule-23
Sentence-এ lf/Had যুক্ত clauseটি Past perfect Tense হলে অপর অংশটিতে Subject-এর পরে অর্থভেদে would have/could have/might have বসে এবং verb-এর past participle হয়।
(a) If he had invited, I (go)—.
✔ Ans:- If he had invited, I would have gone.
(b) If I had been a rich man, I (help)—the poor.
✔ Ans:- If I had been a rich man, I would have helped the poor.
(c) I would have helped him, if he (want)—.
✔ Ans:- I would have helped him, if he had wanted.
Try yourself:
(d) We would have come, if he (invite)—.
(e) If you had stated earlier, you (catch)—the bus.
Sentence-এ lf/Had যুক্ত clauseটি Past perfect Tense হলে অপর অংশটিতে Subject-এর পরে অর্থভেদে would have/could have/might have বসে এবং verb-এর past participle হয়।
(a) If he had invited, I (go)—.
✔ Ans:- If he had invited, I would have gone.
(b) If I had been a rich man, I (help)—the poor.
✔ Ans:- If I had been a rich man, I would have helped the poor.
(c) I would have helped him, if he (want)—.
✔ Ans:- I would have helped him, if he had wanted.
Try yourself:
(d) We would have come, if he (invite)—.
(e) If you had stated earlier, you (catch)—the bus.
✐ Rule-24
Sentence-এ wish, fancy, it is time, it is high time ইত্যাদি থাকলে Verb এর Past Tense হয় এবং (be) থাকলেই were হয়। যেমন:
(a) I wish I (win)—the first prize in the lottery.
✔ Ans:- I wish I won the first prize in the lottery.
(b) I fancy I (fly)—among the stars.
✔ Ans:- I fancy I flew among the stars.
(c) It is time you (change)—your bad habit.
✔ Ans:- It is time you changed your bad habit.
Try yourself:
(d) I wish I (be)—a rich man.
(e) It is time we (earn)—our livelihood.
Sentence-এ wish, fancy, it is time, it is high time ইত্যাদি থাকলে Verb এর Past Tense হয় এবং (be) থাকলেই were হয়। যেমন:
(a) I wish I (win)—the first prize in the lottery.
✔ Ans:- I wish I won the first prize in the lottery.
(b) I fancy I (fly)—among the stars.
✔ Ans:- I fancy I flew among the stars.
(c) It is time you (change)—your bad habit.
✔ Ans:- It is time you changed your bad habit.
Try yourself:
(d) I wish I (be)—a rich man.
(e) It is time we (earn)—our livelihood.
✐ Rule-25
Sentence-এ যদি as if, as though ইত্যাদি থাকে তাহলে বন্ধনীস্থ (be) এর স্থলে were বসে। যেমন:
(a) He speaks as if he (be)—the owner of the farm.
✔ Ans:- He speaks as if he were the owner of the farm.
(b) The man speaks as though he (be)—a leader.
✔ Ans:- The man speaks as though he were a leader.
(c) The man speaks as if he (be)—a landlord.
✔ Ans:- The man speaks as if he were a landlord.
Try yourself:
(d) The man speaks as though he (be)—a rich man.
(e) He speaks as if he (be)—the President of Bangladesh.
Sentence-এ যদি as if, as though ইত্যাদি থাকে তাহলে বন্ধনীস্থ (be) এর স্থলে were বসে। যেমন:
(a) He speaks as if he (be)—the owner of the farm.
✔ Ans:- He speaks as if he were the owner of the farm.
(b) The man speaks as though he (be)—a leader.
✔ Ans:- The man speaks as though he were a leader.
(c) The man speaks as if he (be)—a landlord.
✔ Ans:- The man speaks as if he were a landlord.
Try yourself:
(d) The man speaks as though he (be)—a rich man.
(e) He speaks as if he (be)—the President of Bangladesh.
✐ Rule-26
Sentence-‰ each, every, everyone, anyone, any, many a, everybody, every thing, anybody, nobody, no one, nothing, anything, something, someone, one of, either, neither ইতাদি থাকলে verb-এর Singular Number হয়। যেমন:
(a) Every mother (love)—her child.
✔ Ans:- Every mother loves her child.
(b) One of the students (be)—very brilliant.
✔ Ans:- One of the students is/was very brilliant.
(c) Each of the boys (be)—present yesterday.
✔ Ans:- Each of the boys was present yesterday.
Try yourself:
(d) Many a boy (ruin)—his career through laziness.
(e) Neither of the two boys (be)—present today.
Sentence-‰ each, every, everyone, anyone, any, many a, everybody, every thing, anybody, nobody, no one, nothing, anything, something, someone, one of, either, neither ইতাদি থাকলে verb-এর Singular Number হয়। যেমন:
(a) Every mother (love)—her child.
✔ Ans:- Every mother loves her child.
(b) One of the students (be)—very brilliant.
✔ Ans:- One of the students is/was very brilliant.
(c) Each of the boys (be)—present yesterday.
✔ Ans:- Each of the boys was present yesterday.
Try yourself:
(d) Many a boy (ruin)—his career through laziness.
(e) Neither of the two boys (be)—present today.
✐ Rule-27
While-এর ঠিক পরই ব্রাকেটের মধ্যে যে Verb থাকে তার সঙ্গে ing যোগ হয়। কিন্তু While-এর পরে Subject থাকলে While-এর অংশটি Past Continuous Tense হয়।
(a) While (walk)—in the garden, a snake bit him.
✔ Ans:- While walking in the garden, a snake bit him.
(b) While he (walk)—in the garden, a snake bit him.
✔ Ans:- While he was walking in the garden, a snake bit him.
(c) While it (rain)—, I was going to college.
✔ Ans:- While it was raining, I was going to college.
Try yourself:
(d) While (sleep)—in his room, he dreamt a nice dream.
(e) My uncle arrived while she (cook)—the dinner.
While-এর ঠিক পরই ব্রাকেটের মধ্যে যে Verb থাকে তার সঙ্গে ing যোগ হয়। কিন্তু While-এর পরে Subject থাকলে While-এর অংশটি Past Continuous Tense হয়।
(a) While (walk)—in the garden, a snake bit him.
✔ Ans:- While walking in the garden, a snake bit him.
(b) While he (walk)—in the garden, a snake bit him.
✔ Ans:- While he was walking in the garden, a snake bit him.
(c) While it (rain)—, I was going to college.
✔ Ans:- While it was raining, I was going to college.
Try yourself:
(d) While (sleep)—in his room, he dreamt a nice dream.
(e) My uncle arrived while she (cook)—the dinner.
✐ Rule-28
একই দৈর্ঘ্য. পরিমাণ বা স্থান বোঝালে Subject দেখতে Plural হলেও verb এর Singular Number হয়।
(a) Previously fifty miles (be)—a long way.
✔ Ans:- Previously fifty miles was a long way.
(b) Twenty miles (be)—not a great distance now a days.
✔ Ans:- Twenty miles is not a great distance now a days.
(c) Sixty cents (be)—was enough for him.
✔ Ans:- Sixty cents is/was was enough for him.
Try yourself:
(d) Twenty dollars (be)—not sufficient in line.
(e) Fifty cents (be)—enough at that time.
একই দৈর্ঘ্য. পরিমাণ বা স্থান বোঝালে Subject দেখতে Plural হলেও verb এর Singular Number হয়।
(a) Previously fifty miles (be)—a long way.
✔ Ans:- Previously fifty miles was a long way.
(b) Twenty miles (be)—not a great distance now a days.
✔ Ans:- Twenty miles is not a great distance now a days.
(c) Sixty cents (be)—was enough for him.
✔ Ans:- Sixty cents is/was was enough for him.
Try yourself:
(d) Twenty dollars (be)—not sufficient in line.
(e) Fifty cents (be)—enough at that time.
✐ Rule-29
Main Clause-এর Verbটি Past Tense-এর হলে এবং পরের অংশে next day, next week, next month, next year ইত্যাদি উল্লেখ থাকলে Subject-পরে would/should বসে এবং Verb –এর Present Form হয়।
(a) He said that he (go).... home the next day.
✔ Ans:- He said that he would go home the next day.
(b) He told that he (come) ....here the next year.
✔ Ans:- He told that he would come here the next year.
(c) He said that he (buy)... a new TV the next day.
✔ Ans:- He said that he would buy a new TV the next day.
Try yourself:
(d) She said that she (sell) .... her land the next month.
(e) The man said that he (go) .... to London the next day.
Main Clause-এর Verbটি Past Tense-এর হলে এবং পরের অংশে next day, next week, next month, next year ইত্যাদি উল্লেখ থাকলে Subject-পরে would/should বসে এবং Verb –এর Present Form হয়।
(a) He said that he (go).... home the next day.
✔ Ans:- He said that he would go home the next day.
(b) He told that he (come) ....here the next year.
✔ Ans:- He told that he would come here the next year.
(c) He said that he (buy)... a new TV the next day.
✔ Ans:- He said that he would buy a new TV the next day.
Try yourself:
(d) She said that she (sell) .... her land the next month.
(e) The man said that he (go) .... to London the next day.
✐ Rule-30 fb/jobcircular24
After এর পরে এবং before এর পূর্বের clauseটি past perfect tense হয় এবং অন্য clauseটি past indefinite tense হয়।
(a) The doctor (come)__before the patient came.
✔ Ans:- The doctor had come before the patient came.
(b) The doctor came after the patient (die)__.
✔ Ans:- The doctor came after the patient had died.
(c) The train left ... they had reached the station.
✔ Ans:- The train left after they had reached the station.
Try yourself:
(d) The patient had died ... the doctor came.
(e) The train (start) ... before they reached there.
After এর পরে এবং before এর পূর্বের clauseটি past perfect tense হয় এবং অন্য clauseটি past indefinite tense হয়।
(a) The doctor (come)__before the patient came.
✔ Ans:- The doctor had come before the patient came.
(b) The doctor came after the patient (die)__.
✔ Ans:- The doctor came after the patient had died.
(c) The train left ... they had reached the station.
✔ Ans:- The train left after they had reached the station.
Try yourself:
(d) The patient had died ... the doctor came.
(e) The train (start) ... before they reached there.
✐ Rule-31
Sentenceটি Passive voice হলে Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb ও Verb-এর Past participle বসাতে হবে এবং gap-এর পরে Subject থাকলে by বসাতে হবে।
(a) English (speak)_all over the world.
✔ Ans:- English is spoken all over the world.
(b) English (speak)_ the English.
✔ Ans:- English is spoken by the English.
(c) He has (expel)__from the examination hall.
✔ Ans:- He has been expelled from the examination hall.
Try yourself:
(d) The boys (send)__ to school yesterday.
(e) The bird (kill)__on the ship last week.
(f) Cricket (play)__all over the world.
Sentenceটি Passive voice হলে Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb ও Verb-এর Past participle বসাতে হবে এবং gap-এর পরে Subject থাকলে by বসাতে হবে।
(a) English (speak)_all over the world.
✔ Ans:- English is spoken all over the world.
(b) English (speak)_ the English.
✔ Ans:- English is spoken by the English.
(c) He has (expel)__from the examination hall.
✔ Ans:- He has been expelled from the examination hall.
Try yourself:
(d) The boys (send)__ to school yesterday.
(e) The bird (kill)__on the ship last week.
(f) Cricket (play)__all over the world.
✐ Rule-32
কিছু ব্যতিক্রম ছাড়া Principal Clause-এর Verb যদি Past Tense এর হয় তবে Subordinate Clause-এর Verb-ও Past Tense-এ হবে এবং একটি Present হলে অপরটি Present হবে।
(a) The man was so ill that he (will) ...... not be able to attend the meeting.
✔ Ans:- The man was so ill that he would not be able to attend the meeting.
(b) I knew that he (will not come) ....... to me for his personal purpose.
✔ Ans:- I knew that he would not come to me for his personal purpose.
কিছু ব্যতিক্রম ছাড়া Principal Clause-এর Verb যদি Past Tense এর হয় তবে Subordinate Clause-এর Verb-ও Past Tense-এ হবে এবং একটি Present হলে অপরটি Present হবে।
(a) The man was so ill that he (will) ...... not be able to attend the meeting.
✔ Ans:- The man was so ill that he would not be able to attend the meeting.
(b) I knew that he (will not come) ....... to me for his personal purpose.
✔ Ans:- I knew that he would not come to me for his personal purpose.
Important Rules of Right Form of Verb:
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✐ RULE 1: Singular Subject = Singular Verb, Plural Subject = Plural verb
? Exam:Shahin is a meritorious student.
Vehicles create traffic jam.
? Exam:Shahin is a meritorious student.
Vehicles create traffic jam.
✐ RULE 2: Preposition : ( in, at, on, of, for, from, by, with, without, before, after, into, across, about ) + noun or Verb + ing.
? Exam:Television is an important source of entertainment or entertaining.
Children are fond of using mobile Phone.
? Exam:Television is an important source of entertainment or entertaining.
Children are fond of using mobile Phone.
✐ RULE 3: To + Verb1 but (Addicted to, Adverse to, Be used to, With a view to, Look forward to, Get used to, Be accustomed to) + Verb + ing.
? Exam:Shimu went to London to get a good job.
Shamim tried to join the Navy .
We are looking forward to hearing from you.
I went to the Stage with a view to dancing.
People of Bangladesh are used to eating by their hands.
? Exam:Shimu went to London to get a good job.
Shamim tried to join the Navy .
We are looking forward to hearing from you.
I went to the Stage with a view to dancing.
People of Bangladesh are used to eating by their hands.
✐ RULE 04: I = am ,
(He, She, It) = is ,
(We, They, you ) = are
3rd person Singular Sub. = Has;
3rd person Plural Sub. = Have
? Exam: I am Sohan.
He is driving a car.
We are going home.
They have won the game.
He has eaten rice.
(He, She, It) = is ,
(We, They, you ) = are
3rd person Singular Sub. = Has;
3rd person Plural Sub. = Have
? Exam: I am Sohan.
He is driving a car.
We are going home.
They have won the game.
He has eaten rice.
✐ RULE 5: The + noun or verb + ing + of.
The necessity of learning English is indescribable.
The using of Mobile is available .
A constitution is essential for a nation.
He has an Umbrella.
The necessity of learning English is indescribable.
The using of Mobile is available .
A constitution is essential for a nation.
He has an Umbrella.
✐ RULE 6: (Can, could, may , might, Shall, should, will, would, must, used to, have to, need, dare, ought to ) + V1
Example: He can do the Sum.
It may rain today.
Tamim must study tonight.
Example: He can do the Sum.
It may rain today.
Tamim must study tonight.
✐ RULE 7 : While + Verb + ing
Example: While walking in the garden, I saw a snake.
While sleeping I dreamt a good dream.
Example: While walking in the garden, I saw a snake.
While sleeping I dreamt a good dream.
✐ RULE 8: (have, has, had, get, got, getting, having ) + V3 or Adjective.
? Exam:She got married yesterday.
I had my car cleaned.
Having taken the money, the thief ran away.
Our Culture is getting westernized.
? Exam:She got married yesterday.
I had my car cleaned.
Having taken the money, the thief ran away.
Our Culture is getting westernized.
✐ RULE 9: Passive Voice : (Can be, could be, may be , might be, Shall be, should be, will be, would be, must be, used to be, have to be, ought to be ) + V3
? Exam:The work ought to be done.
He will be helped by me.
? Exam:The work ought to be done.
He will be helped by me.
✐ RULE 10: I = am ,
(He, She, It) = is ,
(We, They, you ) = are
3rd person Singular Sub. = Has;
3rd person Plural Sub. = Have
? Exam:I am Sohan.
He is driving a car.
We are going home.
They have won the game.
He has eaten rice.
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(He, She, It) = is ,
(We, They, you ) = are
3rd person Singular Sub. = Has;
3rd person Plural Sub. = Have
? Exam:I am Sohan.
He is driving a car.
We are going home.
They have won the game.
He has eaten rice.
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✐ RULE 11: There + is/was/has + Singular Subject.
There + are/were/have + plural Sub.
? Exam: There is a Mosque in our village.
There are two ponds in our Village.
There + are/were/have + plural Sub.
? Exam: There is a Mosque in our village.
There are two ponds in our Village.
✐ RULE 12: ( Each, every , one, any) + one or more singular Sub. + Singular Verb.
? Exam:Each boy and each girl was present there.
Every boy and girl has been given 100 tk.
? Exam:Each boy and each girl was present there.
Every boy and girl has been given 100 tk.
✐ RULE 13: (Somebody, Someone) + Singular verb, (some boys, Some toys) + plural verb.
? Exam:Someone has stolen the pen.
Some boys have failed in the examination.
? Exam:Someone has stolen the pen.
Some boys have failed in the examination.
✐ RULE 14: (any, none, each, every, either, neither, one) + of + plural Sub. + singular Verb.
? Exam:One of the boys is present there.
None of them was present there. Either of them has stolen it.
fb/jobcircular24
? Exam:One of the boys is present there.
None of them was present there. Either of them has stolen it.
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✐ RULE 15: ( Population, public, crowd, army, congress, committee, team, government, family, pair, dozen, scenery, knowledge, hundred, thousand, furniture, machinery, information, bread, money, advice, poetry, gallows, ethics, mathematics, physics, news, electronics, dynamics, 2/3….dollars, 2/3….miles, ) + singular verb.
? Exam:Ill news runs a pace .
Physics is a critical subject.
? Exam:Ill news runs a pace .
Physics is a critical subject.
✐ RULE 16 : (people, spectacles, trousers, scissors, benches, cloths, goods, headquarters, vegetables, laws, police, cattle, folk, circumstances, gentry.) + plural verb.
? Exam:His circumstances are not good.
People don’t eat the same food.
Vegetables contain vitamin.
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? Exam:His circumstances are not good.
People don’t eat the same food.
Vegetables contain vitamin.
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✐ RULE 17: (who, whose, whom, which, that) follow only their before subject to choose a verb.
? Exam:It is I who am your friend.
It is you who are my friend.
? Exam:It is I who am your friend.
It is you who are my friend.
✐ RULE 18: Prefer to + verb + ing
? Exam:Lata prefers to reading newspaper.
Joynal prefers to eating betel.
? Exam:Lata prefers to reading newspaper.
Joynal prefers to eating betel.
✐ RULE 19: ( Feel, love, hear, like, hate, see, forget, consist, seem, sound, smell, believe, know, wish, doubt, prefer, imagine, fear, taste, astonish, please, understand) they are used in present Indefinite tense not in continuous tense.
? Exam:I see the bird.
I hear news.
I forget everything.
? Exam:I see the bird.
I hear news.
I forget everything.
✐ RULE 20: Distance/money/time + singular verb
? Exam:Thirty miles is a long way.
100 years is a long time.
Money begets money.
? Exam:Thirty miles is a long way.
100 years is a long time.
Money begets money.
✐ RULE 21 : Arithmetical Operations ( singular verb)
? Exam:Five plus five is ten.
Ten minus five is five.
Ten divided by two is five.
? Exam:Five plus five is ten.
Ten minus five is five.
Ten divided by two is five.
✐ RULE 22: (Always, regularly, generally, usually, occasionally, normally, naturally, frequently, everyday, daily, often) = Present Indefinite Tense.
? Exam:Organizations frequently need employees who speak a standard form of English.
English usually helps to get good job.
He always prays his prayer.
? Exam:Organizations frequently need employees who speak a standard form of English.
English usually helps to get good job.
He always prays his prayer.
✐ RULE 23: (now, at this/the moment, at present, day by day, increasingly, rapidly.) = Present continuous Tense.
? Exam:Mobile Phone users are increasing day by day.
He is eating now.
? Exam:Mobile Phone users are increasing day by day.
He is eating now.
✐ RULE 24: ( yesterday, one day, ago, once, last, after a few days, last night, once upon a time, in the past, previously.) = Past Indefinite Tense.
? Exam:I received your letter yesterday.
One day I borrowed a book from you.
? Exam:I received your letter yesterday.
One day I borrowed a book from you.
✐ RULE 25: (Just, just now, already, yet, ever, lately, recently, immediately.) = present Perfect Tense.
? Exam:He has transferred from Dhaka recently.
We have shifted to safe place immediately.
? Exam:He has transferred from Dhaka recently.
We have shifted to safe place immediately.
✐ RULE 26: (mind/worth/without/get used to/got used to/ be used to/past, can’t help, couldn’t help, would you mind) + verb + ing
? Exam:Would you mind having a cup of tea?
He can’t help smoking.
? Exam:Would you mind having a cup of tea?
He can’t help smoking.
✐ RULE 27: Active voice – ( am, is , are, was, were, have been, has been, had been, shall be, will be, shall have been, will have been) + verb + ing
? Exam:Rana is doing the sum.
It has been raining since morning.
? Exam:Rana is doing the sum.
It has been raining since morning.
✐ RULE 28: (ask, decide, demand, forget, happen, hope, learn, manage, neglect, offer, plain, prepare, promise, remember, seem, try , want) + to
? Exam:Shihab neglects to his friend.
It seems to me false.
We have decided to start a business.
? Exam:Shihab neglects to his friend.
It seems to me false.
We have decided to start a business.
✐ RULE 29: ( had better, had rather, would better, would rather, let, must, need, dare, make, would sooner, had sooner) + verb1
? Exam:He had better read newspaper regularly.
I will not let you enter the classroom.
? Exam:He had better read newspaper regularly.
I will not let you enter the classroom.
✐ RULE 30: ( It is time, It is high time, wish, fancy) = Past Indefinite
? Exam:I fancy I turned a pale.
It is high time we developed our country.
? Exam:I fancy I turned a pale.
It is high time we developed our country.
✐ RULE 31: Lest…. Should…
? Exam:Walk fast lest you should miss the train.
Read attentively lest you should fail in the exam.
? Exam:Walk fast lest you should miss the train.
Read attentively lest you should fail in the exam.
✐ RULE 32 : (if, wish, as if , as though) unreal past = were
? Exam:If I were a doctor, I could treat the poor.
I wish I were a king.
? Exam:If I were a doctor, I could treat the poor.
I wish I were a king.
✐ RULE 33: If Past Indefinite tense, Sub + would/could/might + verb1
? Exam:If I were a doctor, I could treat the poor.
If you came , I would go.
? Exam:If I were a doctor, I could treat the poor.
If you came , I would go.
✐ RULE 34: If + Present Indefinite, future Indefinite tense. or
Sub. + may/can/shall/will + v1
? Exam:If he runs in the rain, he will catch cold.
If it rains, I will not go out.
Sub. + may/can/shall/will + v1
? Exam:If he runs in the rain, he will catch cold.
If it rains, I will not go out.
✐ RULE 35: If + present perfect tense, Sub.+ might have/could have/ would have + verb 3
? Exam:If they had started earlier, they would have reached there in time.
If I had seen him, I might have told him the news.
? Exam:If they had started earlier, they would have reached there in time.
If I had seen him, I might have told him the news.
✐ RULE 36: Present Indefinite or Present perfect tense + since + Past Indefinite tense.
? Exam:It is many years since I came to Dhaka.
Many years have passed since I had met her.
? Exam:It is many years since I came to Dhaka.
Many years have passed since I had met her.
Right Forms Of Verb Practice
✐ RULE 37: Past Indefinite tense + since + Past perfect tense.
? Exam:Many years passed since I had seen her last.
? Exam:Many years passed since I had seen her last.
Right Forms Of Verbs
✐ RULE 38: Past Perfect + before + past Indefinite.
past Indefinite + after + past perfect.
? Exam:The patient had died before the doctor came.
The patient died after the doctor had come.
past Indefinite + after + past perfect.
? Exam:The patient had died before the doctor came.
The patient died after the doctor had come.
✐ RULE 39: Beginning of the sentence- verb + ing or to + v1 (gerund, infinitive)
? Exam:Rising early is a good habit.
Sleeping is necessary to life.
To take drugs leads a man to death.
? Exam:Rising early is a good habit.
Sleeping is necessary to life.
To take drugs leads a man to death.
✐ RULE 40: Verb + (how/what/when/which/why) + to
? Exam:He knows what to do.
She taught me how to make a cup of tea.
? Exam:He knows what to do.
She taught me how to make a cup of tea.
Statement Of Net Worth Fillable
✐ RULE 41: Things = interesting , person = interested
? Exam: History is very interesting subject.
I am very much interested to meet him.
? Exam: History is very interesting subject.
I am very much interested to meet him.
✐ RULE 42: Uncountable noun ( water, air, tea, sugar, environment, furniture, kindness, rainfall, reputation, wood, paper, gum, courtesy, earth, bread, oxygen, smoke, Bangla, English.) + singular verb.
? Exam:Air is very important element of the environment.
Water plays a vital role in agriculture.
? Exam:Air is very important element of the environment.
Water plays a vital role in agriculture.
✐ RULE 45: No sooner had….than,
Scarcely had….when,
hardly had…before/when.
? Exam:No sooner had he seen the police than he ran away.
Scarcely had….when,
hardly had…before/when.
? Exam:No sooner had he seen the police than he ran away.
✐ RULE 46: If Simple Sentence contains two main verbs , It may be 2nd verb with ing or to + 2nd verb with present form.
? Exam:I saw him going .
I am going to open a bank account.
? Exam:I saw him going .
I am going to open a bank account.
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